Wednesday, May 24, 2023

Quatre Bras - The French Cavalry versus the British Infantry, Act One

French Cuirassiers catch Halkett's Brigade in line.
Major General Sir Dennis Pack, commanding the 9th Brigade, part of Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Picton's 5th Division, was sheltering in a hastily formed square with a single aide-de-camp.

His men had been caught in the open, in line, by French cavalry. Slowly his men were forming square and gaining the upper hand on the French.

"Sir Dennis!"

Turning his horse's head, Pack looked to the commanding officer of the 44th. More bloody cavalry!


Maréchal des logis Antoine Aulard spurred his mount and lowered his lance. A number of his fellow lancers were attacking an English color party and the men defending their flag had their backs to him. What an achievement this would be, seize an English color and present it to the Emperor himself! Surely that would merit the Cross¹!


Private Jack Sloan thrust his bayonet at a cavalryman trying to wrest the Regimental Color from the steely grip of Ensign James Christie. The Frenchman knocked his musket down with a swing of his sword but then collapsed over his horse's neck as another man shot him from behind. Sloan was terrified, he wasn't used to this.

Ensign Christie, a former Sergeant Major, was fighting like a mad man. The damned frogs wouldn't be taking the colors of the 44th, not while he still breathed.

Sloan turned as he heard hoofbeats behind him, turning he tried to bring his musket to bear but was knocked aside by the Frenchman's horse. He screamed out a warning as he fell to the ground.

Christie heard the shout and turned.


Aulard leaned into his thrust and bellowed in satisfaction as his lance took the English color bearer in the face. As the man went down, Aulard let go of his lance and grabbed for the bright yellow flag.

The man he had thought he had killed held tight to the flag staff as he went down on one knee, blood streaming down his face. Aulard could hear the man shouting commands and he had to wonder, "How is this man not dead?"


Sloan tried to get up, but his left side was numb from the horse running him down. He watched as a large piece of the corner of the Regimental Color tore loose in the grip of the French cavalryman. Though this was his first campaign, he knew the shame which would attach to the regiment if they lost one of the colors.²


While he didn't have the entire color, Aulard still raised his hand in triumph, holding aloft a portion of the colors of the 44th Foot. In the next instant he gasped in agony as a British bayonet entered his lower back. Immediately he lost all feeling from the waist down and fell from his horse.

Aulard tried to drag himself away, but in vain.


Sergeant Major Weston tucked the torn piece of the Regimental Color into his haversack as he looked down at the dead Frenchman. He had tried to save the man's life but the men had their blood up and had bayoneted the cavalryman as he had tried to crawl away, still gripping the piece of the torn color.

Weston had no more time to reflect on the incident as the battalion was now in square and better organized, but their losses had been frightful. Though Ensign Christie was still alive, Weston feared for the man's life. The French lance had pierced the man's left eye and gone down and out of his lower jaw.

"Sar'nt Major!!" he heard an officer shout.

"Sir!"

"Take charge of the color party!"

"Very good, Sir!"


The Duke of Wellington had barely had time to take shelter in a square of the Gordon Highlanders. Though his reinforcements were slowly giving him an advantage in numbers, the French were pressing hard. He feared that the other three regiments in Pack's brigade had been roughly handled.

"Your Grace!"

Wellington turned to one of his aides and cocked an eyebrow.

"The Guards have arrived, Your Grace. They're moving into the Bossu Wood. If we can drive the Frenchies out of there, we'll have secured that flank."

"Quite, Gordon. Thank you.

Wellington had his glass out, though many of the crops were trampled, visibility to the front was still very restricted. So far, the French artillery and cavalry had done a lot of damage to his forces. He saw an artillery battery, Dutch from the look of it, abandoned on a small hillock not far from where he sat on Copenhagen.³

Then he heard a sound, the beating of the French drums. "Good," he muttered to himself, "that will give us a breather from their artillery."

"Those guns are well served, my Lord." An officer of the 92nd foot offered from nearby, nodding towards the French lines.

"Yes, yes they are. Where is your commander?"

"The Colonel⁴ has been wounded, Your Grace. I fear mortally."

"Damn it." Wellington muttered again.

Nudging his horse forward, Wellington shouted over to his aide. "Come along, Gordon, back to the crossroads I think. Can't direct a battle from here."

As the ranks of the 92nd opened, Wellington glanced down the road to the south one more time. Yes, there they were in their damned attack columns. "We shall see, we shall see."

"Your Grace?" Gordon looked puzzled, he thought he'd missed an order.

"Nothing, my dear Gordon, just thinking out loud."

The two men gathered the staff which had been sheltering in other squares and they rode back to the crossroads. Wellington noticed that one or two men were missing. A hot day, this one.




¹ The Cross refers to the Cross of the Legion of Honor.
² British regiments carried two colors into battle, the King's Colour, which essentially was the Union flag with the regimental insignia and battle honors affixed. The Regimental Colour had the Union flag in the top corner, was in the same base color as the regimental facings (the colors trimming the men's uniforms), and had the same regimental details and battle honors as the King's Colour.
³ The name of Wellington's horse.
⁴ Lieutenant-Colonel John Cameron of Fassifern commanded the 92nd Regiment of Foot (the Gordon Highlanders) at Quatre Bras.

42 comments:

  1. Tare Victor Georger, sir. One can almost smell the smoke. And the fear.

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    1. I can't imagine fighting in crops over your head, artillery banging away, skirmishers flitting in and out of sight, then BOOM rushed by a group of lancers. Brave men that day, on both sides.

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  2. I am glad Christie survived!
    https://www.printsforartssake.com/products/44th-essex-regiment-of-foot

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    1. Other paintings show him carrying the Regimental Colour, I went with that version in the tale above.

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  3. From what little reading I've done I can see that there has been lot of sacrifice over the years defending the colors during a battle.

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    1. When you consider that the colors were used as a rallying point and that the regiment's history was often inscribed upon the flag, it became an honor to capture one and a shame to lose one. There was a lot of esprit de corps wrapped up in that piece of cloth and rightly so.

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    2. Nebulous things like "For your Country" or "For your City" are nebulous in the middle of battle. Something you see every day, something that has blood and sweat and tears poured into it, that is something that you can get behind. Even more so when adding up all the battle streamers and honors sewn or attached to the Colours.

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  4. Crusty Old TV Tech here. Another piece of the story unfolds. Well played, and well told.

    I was CAP (Cadet) Squadron 16005's Guidon Bearer one hot sweaty summer encampment. It was impressed upon me in no uncertain terms that I must keep that guidon at the correct posting position at all times, and never ever let it touch ground...no matter the heat, sweat, or flies. There would be hell to pay. I can understand a little those Brits trying desperately to hold their unit colors.

    On another note, when I saw Wellington was on Copenhagen, my first thought was "oh, even in the early 19th century they had it!" No faded rings in your Levi's back pockets with this Copenhagen, I imagine.

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    1. The color party attracted a lot of attention back in the day, not all of it good!

      As to Copenhagen (not the horse) I simply can't imagine the Duke of Wellington doing such a thing, he was pretty proper. A bit snooty too as I recall.

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    2. Crusty Old TV Tech again. The modern equivalent of "attracting unwanted attention" was (maybe still is?) the Squad/Platoon Radioman. Especially with an AN/PRC-10, or AN/PRC-77 and that long antenna.

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    3. Radioman, dontcha mean target?

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    4. Folks learned to use the "tape" antenna as much as they could. Whip's fine if the thing is off your back, otherwise; yeah, pretty much "shoot over here!"
      Fighting with edged weapons...whoo boy!
      Boat Guy

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    5. Yeah, edged weapons is really getting up close and personal!

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    6. Maybe not dip, but maybe snuff.

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    7. Can't picture the Duke doing something so, common.

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    8. In the Civil War, the 8th Wisconsin Regiment uniquely had, besides the Color Bearer an Eagle Bearer. A soldier carried a T-shaped staff with Old Abe - a tethered adult bald eagle perched on the crossbar. Competiton for the honor of carrying Old Abe was even keener than for carrying the regimental flag.

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    9. Yup, beats having a bronze eagle!

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    10. The bronze eagle was probably heavier than the 6-9 pounds of a live one. But neither does it crap, nor have the ability to use its beak or talons Have you SEEN pictures of eagle talons? - They can wrap right around a human arm.

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    11. Eagles aren't a bird you want to piss off, that's for sure.

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  5. Yet another interesting post and the details add to the color and authenticity. "Copenhagen" puzzled me until I read the foot note. Most excellent!
    - Barry

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    1. There were a few famous horses during this era, Copenhagen was one. Napoléon's horse Marengo was another.

      Then there was Lisette, a fiery mare who gained fame at Eylau due more to her rider's way with words than perhaps any actual facts. Allegedly she bit the face off of a Russian grenadier. I need to look into that.

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  6. One remembers with what great efforts the Romans went to recover the standards of the legions (and how, sadly, we seem to have not one legion standard surviving).

    Excellently written (as always, Sarge).

    Question: I think I get the concept of the square against a cavalry attack. Were there examples where the square failed and the cavalry was successful?

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    1. There is one example that I can think of where a properly formed square was broken by cavalry. I think it was in the Peninsular War and I can't remember if it was a British or a French square which was broken. The details which I can remember was that a cavalry horse was brought down close enough to one face of the square that the injured/dying animal crashed into the men manning that face, opening a gap which the cavalry were able to exploit.

      Ah! Found it, it was at the Battle of García Hernández:
      In Spain in the Napoleonic War, at the Battle of García Hernández, three French squares were broken in the same day resulting in a very one sided victory for the British and Germans. (Source)
      The breaking of a steady square was a rare event. A French infantry battalion in square formed up in a bayonet-studded hedgehog, either 3-ranks or 6-ranks deep. (A British square was 4-deep.) If a square stood its ground without flinching and fired with effect, it could withstand the best cavalry. When infantry squares were broken by cavalry in the Napoleonic Wars, it was usually because:

      - the infantry were of poor quality
      - the infantry were tired, disorganized or discouraged
      - it was raining, making it difficult for the infantry to fire effectively, and wetting their gunpowder
      - the infantry fired a poorly aimed volley
      - the infantry waited too long to fire

      At García Hernández, the last event occurred with the first square, leading to the extraordinary accident of a mortally wounded horse and rider smashing into the square, making a gap which was then exploited by the following cavalry. The second square likely panicked at seeing the first square being torn apart.
      (Source)

      Most armies of the period utilized the square against cavalry, the Austrians also used what they called a battalion "mass." This was a battalion in column which would close the intervals between the men, have the rear ranks face to the rear and the men along either flank face to the sides. It wasn't as effective as a "real" square and was hard to move. Contrary to some sources, an infantry could, and did, move in battle. Just not very quickly.

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    2. I was getting ready to mention the Aquilae of the Legions and the Signa of the Cohorts. Men sold themselves dearly protecting those emblems.

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    3. Yes they did, for the same reasons.

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    4. Thanks Sarge. It sounds like this was a case where tactics/technology had developed faster than practice, otherwise why charge the square?

      Tacitus discusses the joy at the recovery of the Aquilae from the Battle of the Teutoberger Wald.

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    5. Quintili Vare, legiones redde!

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    6. Cavalry is sexy and all that, but Cavalry can't easily break a fixed formation of infantry. At Hastings, William's cavalry broke against the Anglo-Saxon shield wall over and over again. It wasn't until the English non-professionals were suckered out of place and wiped out that William was able to start getting a foot or hoof into the English line.

      It's why snazzy cavalry maneuvers like the carracale, where columns of horsemen charge, split before the infantry, and then hose said infantry with big arsed pistols and then return and do it again, were created.

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    7. The correct application of the correct use of infantry, artillery, and cavalry was key.

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    8. Yay cross-pollination of blogs and history!

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    9. It's nice when that happens.

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  7. Was just about to note that Kipling asserted that a British square had never been broken.
    BG

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    1. Actually in his poem Fuzzy-Wuzzy he praises them for doing just that, breaking a British square. The Battle of Abu-Klea during the Mahdist wars is often cited as an example of a British square being broken. Though it was almost immediately reformed it was broken for a couple of very nasty and bloody minutes!

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    2. The River War by Churchill is a good read of that period.

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    3. Need to go back to Barracks Room Ballads! Obviously my memory was faulty
      BG

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    4. I thought you were right as well, then I looked it up. D'oh! Don't feel bad.

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  8. Gulp. Well told. Brings back memories of carrying (bearing?) guidons, and flags, in military training and parades (and tubas and Sousaphones in bands.)

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    1. Being part of the color party was always "exciting" back in the day.

      In those days the band marched to war as well!

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  9. These days Divisional bands are used assigned as litter bearers in combat. Least it was that way 20(!) years ago in Iraq.
    BG

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